There are many aspects to being a responsible dog breeder. These range from appropriate housing and feeding, to vet checks and vaccinations for puppies going to new homes, to mating only bitches that are neither too young nor too old to bear litters. Another aspect to being a responsible dog breeder is testing for genetic diseases, and obtaining hip and elbow scores before breeding any dog or bitch. By breeding from animals free from heritable genetic diseases and low hip scores, it will help to eliminate certain genetic diseases, such as hip dysplasia, certain eye diseases, bleeding disorders, and various heart diseases.
There are over 300 genetic diseases affecting dogs today. Many of them are minor and can be corrected, such as umbilical hernias, tooth misalignments, and inverted eyelids. Other diseases, such as hip dysplasia, and eye disease are much more serious.
Genetic diseases can manifest themselves at any stage of a dog’s life. For example, hip dysplasia is commonly diagnosed by veterinary surgeons in dogs that are 6 to12 months of age. Quite often, heart diseases are present at birth and can cause sudden death or stunted growth in puppies. Heart disease can also be diagnosed in older dogs, e.g. Cavalier King Charles with mitral valve disease, or Great Dane with dilated cardiomyopathy.
Because many genetic diseases are specific to certain breeds, your dogs can possibly be tested for some of them. You can also have your dogs’ hips scored by your veterinary surgeon. The procedure involves sedation, and the resultant x-rays are sent to a panel for scoring. You should only breed from dogs that are below the breed average. For breeds in which the incidences of hip dysplasia are high (Basset Hounds and Labradors, for example), you should also tell people buying your puppies to restrict exercise and to limit jumping and stair-climbing until puppies are 18 months old. Also, these puppies benefit from a complete, meat-based super-premium dry dog food with no supplementation.
To diagnose other genetic diseases, blood tests and cheek swabs are required. At present, tests exist for about 20 genetic diseases. The DNA from the samples is analysed by specific laboratories. If results read normal or clear, meaning the dog is not a carrier of the disease. A dog that is a carrier can pass the disease to the offspring; these dogs should only be bred to dogs that are normal or clear, thus greatly increasing the chances of puppies free from disease. Dogs actively affected by a genetic disease should not be bred from under any circumstances.
As a responsible breeder, you should also keep records and stay in contact with people who have purchased puppies from you. You should check to see if any of the puppies have developed a genetic disease, and then act accordingly to ensure that these puppies are not bred.
For further enquiries, please phone 045 480 478 or www.animalsfirst.ie
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